Negative Utilitarianism: An Overview

Most utilitarian theories deal with producing the greatest amount of good for the greatest number of people. Negative utilitarianism (NU) requires us to promote the least amount of evil or harm, or to prevent the greatest amount of suffering for the greatest number. Proponents like Karl Popper, Christoph Fehige and Clark Wolf argue that this is a more effective ethical formula, since, they contend, the greatest harms are more consequential than the greatest goods. Karl Popper also referred to an epistemological argument: â€Å"It adds to clarity in the fields of ethics, if we formulate our demands negatively, i. e. if we demand the elimination of suffering rather than the promotion of happiness. †(Karl R. Popper,1945) Most forms of utilitarianism hold that we ought to do that which maximises the good and minimises the bad. There is some disagreement about what the good and the bad are– whether the good is people being happy and the bad is people being unhappy, or the go od is people getting what they want and the bad is people not getting what they want, or whatever–but most utilitarians agree that whatever the good and the bad are, we ought to bring about as much of the former and as little of the latter as is possible. Negative utilitarians disagree. Negative utilitarians are concerned only with minimising the bad. They don't think we ought to maximise the good and minimise the bad, and that when we must choose between the two we must weigh the difference that we can make to the one against the difference that we can make to the other; rather, negative utilitarians hold just that we ought to minimise the bad, that we ought to alleviate suffering as far as we are able to do so. Suppose that I have a choice to make: I can either make the happiest man in the world even happier than he already is, or I can alleviate some of the suffering of the unhappiest man in the world. Suppose further that the difference that I can make to the happy man is much greater than the difference that I can make to the unhappy man. Most utilitarians would say that in this case I ought to help the happy man. As I can make a greater difference to the life of the happy man than I can make to the life of the unhappy man, it is the happy man whom I should help. Negative utilitarians disagree. Negative utilitarians hold that it is more important to alleviate suffering than it is to promote pleasure, and that I should therefore always choose to alleviate suffering rather than promote pleasure when forced to choose between the two. In most supporters of moderate NU the preference to survive is stronger than the wish to be freed from suffering, so that they refuse the idea of a quick and painless destruction of life. Some of them believe that, in time, the worst cases of suffering is defeated and a world of minor suffering can be realized. The big problem with negative utilitarianism is that it appears to require the destruction of the world. The world contains much suffering, and the future, presumably, contains a great deal more suffering than the present. Each of us will suffer many calamaties in the course of our lives, before those lives finally end with the suffering of death. There is a way, however, to reduce this suffering: we could end it all now. With nuclear weapons technology, we have the capability to blow up the planet, making it uninhabitable. Doing so would cause us all to suffer death, but death is going to come to us all anyway, so causing everyone to die will not increase the suffering in the world. Causing us to die now, though, will decrease the suffering in the world; it will prevent us from suffering those calamaties that were going to plague us during the remainder of our lives. Destroying the planet, then, will reduce the suffering in the world. According to negative utilitarianism, then, it is what we ought to do. That, though, is surely absurd. Negative utilitarianism, therefore, is false.

Children’s Literature †an Autobiographical Narrative Essay Essay

Books have been a major part of my life for as long as I can remember. I was taught to read both at home and at school, and was given the freedom to choose whatever genre I decided on. My experiences with books were always positive, which allowed me to develop a love for literature. The reading that I did throughout my childhood helped to shape both the genres I enjoy and the amount I read today. The earliest memory I have containing books involves my mother reading me bedtime stories. She would read to me before bed each night, and I quickly developed favourites. One Fish, Two Fish, Red Fish, Blue Fish by Dr. Seuss was at the top of my list, and I would request this book more often than any other. I loved how the words flowed off the pages and the rhymes stuck in my head, as well as how vibrant the images on the pages were. At this age, primary colors definitely appealed to me. After reading this book to me for what seemed to be the hundredth time, my mother thought she would trick me by skipping pages in the book in order to get through it faster. Unfortunately for her, by this time I had memorized the entire book, word for word. I would throw a fit and refuse to go to bed until she went back and reread the book properly. Throughout kindergarten, grade one, and grade two, my school had a reading program. It was used to positively reinforce books in a child’s life. Each day at the end of class, children had to sign out at least one book to take home and read it with their parents. There were five levels of books, ranging from easy to difficult, and points that were given according to what level of book the child chose. Parents had to sign off that their child had read these books, and both the book and parental signature would be returned the following day. When the points were totaled at the end of each week, the child with the highest amount of points was allowed to choose a prize from a range of small toys or stuffed animals. I would strive to have the most points at the end of each and every week, and was usually able to succeed in doing so. I would sometimes try to take home four or five books a night, just to earn extra points. What I loved most about the reading program was the fact that children were able to choose their own books to take home, rather than being assigned a book. By choosing my own books, IÂ  was able to determine what genres I preferred, and which I would rather not read at all. Another major influence on my reading as a child was my older sister. She was five years older than me, and the books she was reading fascinated me. They involved stories of girls with boyfriends, and girls having their own adventures. I would always ask her to tell me about the newest book she was reading, and would sometimes steal it and pretend I was reading the same book, even if I couldn’t understand the majority of the words. I would push myself to read outside of my own reading level, always asking my parents to explain the meanings of new words. I did this until I too could read The Babysitters Club and Nancy Drew. When my sister started reading books about children with fatal diseases, by the author Lauren McDaniel, I wanted to read these books as well. Their illnesses became my own, their thoughts became my thoughts, and their world became my world. This continued throughout my life, until I reached the age where our reading levels were the same. Today, my sister and I have very similar tastes in books. If I finish a book that I know my sister will enjoy, I will mail it to her home in Ontario so she is able to get the same amount of pleasure out of it as I did, and she always returns the favor. Today, I enjoy reading fantasy, classic literature, and various works of fiction. I was able to develop my specific tastes by experimenting with different genres while I was growing up. By having the freedom to choose what genres I enjoyed both at home and at school, I acquired a love for books. I have read hundreds of titles, and will continue to do so for the rest of my life.

Media Manipulation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Media Manipulation - Essay Example Those people oppose to the media argue that the media has failed to play its designated role in society. Nonetheless, today, it is clear that the media as shifted from its role as a tool for information, and has become a major tool for manipulation in society. The advancement of technology has allowed for the widening of the media. Today, there is media forms include books, newspapers, television, radio, internet, and movies, among many others. Therefore, people today are exposed to a variety of information sources; hence, there is a flood of information from different media, directed to the public. Furthermore, since the media is in business, the different media forms are in a competition. This competition has contributed to the divergence of the media from its ideal role as a tool for information. Although there is an overflow of information in society, people are hungry for the truth. This is because, the media, which should ideally be a source of true information, is owned by ind ividuals, who are only interested in pursuing their interests through the media. For this reason, the media ceases to be a tool for information, and becomes a tool for manipulation. There is a high level of manipulation and bias in the media today. According to the Centre for Research on Globalization

10-1 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

10-1 - Case Study Example Legally, Mark Levitt should have been informed transparently about the reason for his removal. His removal from the position by three members of the company indicates that they were driven by self interest rather than the betterment of the company in the long term. Additionally no fiduciary duties towards the LLC were violated since being a manager also entails management of all company assets; unless Mark Levitt intended to sell off the real estate for personal interests over the company interests (Fitzpatrick, 2014). The company should have had confidence in Mark Levitt for managing the real estate for the best interest of the company. Yet there are still loopholes in the case and additional information is required in order to proceed with the case. Firstly, the previous manager’s purpose and motive behind selling off the real estate property. Secondly, the clear reasons for Mark Levitt’s removal from his position. Further information regarding the ownership of the property is needed to clarify the position of Lauren Bivins. Full information needs to be known as to the reason for Mark Levitt’s decision to sell of the company’s main real estate in order to be visualize the whole

Portfolio (2000 words) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Portfolio (2000 words) - Essay Example It was evident that as I progressed in my placement, I came to know specific details about portfolios as it progressed, but it was mainly a tool for self-directed learning. An important underpinning concept within the portfolio use is its firm entrenchment in learning from nursing practice experience usually in a self-directed manner. This means I had responsibility for completing the portfolio, although there was a relative freedom with task completion, often with minimal direction and guidelines. This portfolio has been designed to improve self-development and assessment as to whether I had been able to develop of the Australian Nursing and Midwifery Council (ANMC) competencies. This portfolio has been based on ANMC competency standard seven (Australian Nursing and Midwifery Council 2006), which speaks about nurses competency for provision of comprehensive, safe, and effective evidence-based care to achieve health outcomes for individuals or groups in an identified population. This document was prepared that I’m a capability on assessing and conducting the comprehensive nursing care effectively in my own studies. A child health assessment report following by the health intervention plan This document was prepared as an assessable component on my studies. It is emphasis on my knowledge of acute action plan. The tutor’s mark sheet and comment are included to further substantiate my claims for competency. The appendix 1 shows the item of evidence. This contains the feedback from my facilitator. My facilitator had been instrumental in development of my nursing skills and professional development which were important in my competency development. She had commented that I demonstrated willingness to participate in the team environment. As per her evaluation, my clinical skills had improved over time, and I could interact with the patients in a friendly and empathic manner.

Becoming agile through mindfulness 2 Assignment

Becoming agile through mindfulness 2 - Assignment Example There are two types of mindfulness; organizational and individual. This classification is done to provide a clear distinction between the abilities of an organization or an individual. Individual mindfulness entails an individual’s ability to regularly come up with new categories in the interpretation and perception of the universe. Organizational mindfulness, on the other hand, refers to the cognitive aspects used to solve problems on an organizational level (Butler and Gray, 2006). Organizational mindfulness entails the continuous refinement and scrutiny of existing expectations depending on the ever changing environment. Such refinement and scrutiny ensures that uncertainties are handled accordingly (Weick and Sutcliffe, 2001). The following are the components that make up organizational mindfulness. Reluctance to Simplify Interactions – this refers to the ability of an organization to recognize complex processes and situations and find ways to view the problem from different angles (Nagle, McAvoy & Sammon, 2011). An organization that employs this component is able to identify different ways of handling complex issues, and situations that occur during the software development process. This is because all the views and opinions of the participants of the software development team are highly valued (Nagle, McAvoy & Sammon, 2011). For an organization to employ this component during the development, one of the following factors has to be included in the development process; 1. The participants should be free enough to express their ideas and opinions in regard to the development process. One of the participants of the Cork workshop talks of the aspect of incorporating the customer in the development process. When explaining to her colleagues about how the customer makes changes to the development process, one of the other participants questions whether there was a way to avoid all the changes imposed by the customer. He asked, â€Å"So there was n ot stopping that?†(21:07). This participant was concerned with the organizations over flexibility towards the customer. However, he was interested to learn whether the other participant felt the same. Being mindful of his colleague, he did not impose his opinion on her; instead he gave her a chance to express herself. After being given the chance to speak, the female gives her view. She says; â€Å"No, actually it’s a very positive thing, that’s to be welcomed because actually it’s put our project in front of the chief executive its put their client’s role within the organization in a higher level of importance and is actually informing the organization better about what they do, so those changes are actually quite nice† (21:08). 2. Analysis of customer requirements or any requirements should be prolonged. This goes a long way to ensure that all participants or stakeholders of a development process are fully aware of the current state of affa irs. Discussions that are held during the course of the development process should be conducted in such a manner that all those who do not fully grasp the situation are able to do so by the end of the discussion. This involves clarifying issues to persons who may not understand any technical jargon used. During the workshop held in Cork many

Use of Social Media Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Use of Social Media - Research Paper Example This paper tells that social media has been flagged as a potential threat if used inappropriately. Issues of privacy, unnecessary information, negative influence, devaluation of human values are some of the negative issues associated with social media. For proper utilization of social media, governments should take control on managing social media so that issues like privacy, dangerous outcomes, and endless distractions can be maintained. Certainly, social media connects millions of people across the world. Among these people are genuine users as well as hackers and other malicious identities. Social media such as Facebook is a good avenue for accessing a large pool of people of all kinds. This makes it an attractive haven for any person with personal interests. For instance, politicians have often used social media to propagate their political ideologies some of which may trigger hatred among the target groups. North Africa an Arabian region revolution that began in Tunisia is a goo d example of overwhelming political usage of social media. Advertisers and business entities are always crawling through social media in search for opportunity to exploit. Whereas everybody is looking at an opportunity to benefit themselves, it poses a serious privacy risks to social media users. Certainly, â€Å"Breaches of privacy and security are frequently mentioned topics and so is identity theft, online bullying, and disclosure of potentially damaging or embarrassing personal information† (Shneiderman et al, 2011).  Perhaps one of the most potentially dangerous technologies is social media. Due to the high degree of penetration, wide usage, freedom, anonymity, and interconnectivity, social media is potentially dangerous if not properly regulated. Politically, social media, particularly Facebook, has been a prime platform for the propagation of political and religious views. It does not come by surprise that the recent revolution in Tunisia, Egypt, and other Islamic co untries was made possible by social media. The hazardous nature of social media stems from the fact that it supports anonymity. People have different thoughts and ideologies that they would like others to adopt. Whereas some people have well-meaning ideologies, others such as extremists, pose a danger to the population. According to Shneiderman et al (2011), â€Å"the potential for more polarized discussions as users selectively view only materials aligned with their world view and scientists retreat to narrow research topics.† Terrorists have also been using social media platforms to propagate their ideologies. In order to protect users of social media against uncontrolled use, the relevant authorities need to put measures into place (Madhava, 2011). For example, it may be necessary and important for all social media platforms to keep electronic and retrievable copies of all web activities. This way, it would be easy for the relevant authorities to keep track of potentially harmful use. Additionally, user information may be required to be incorporated within the usage of the media platforms so that users can be held accountable for wrongful use of social media.  

THE IMF AND WORLD BANK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

THE IMF AND WORLD BANK - Essay Example 1). With such goals and objectives of civilization’s best interest and financial well-being, the IMF’s and World Bank’s humanistic visions should be at the top of the list of the most essential and necessary financial institutions. It becomes somewhat anti-productive and fatalistic to envision ongoing threats against the IMF and World Bank’s purpose and comprehensive strategic plans. Is terrorism the eminent threat? However, appropriate checks and balances are part of strategic planning definitions and comprehensive operations. Who and what is the IMF? The IMF (known as the ‘Fund’) was created/constructed at a United Nations Conference in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, USA in July 1944. Forty-four representative governments (The Governances) were in attendance at this conference. The visionary goal, purpose, and function were to construct a comprehensive strategic plan – a framework – for â€Å"economic cooperation that would avoid repetition of the vicious circle of competitive devaluations that have contributed to the Great Depression of the 1930s† (IMF, 2012, p. 1). IMF Activities and Public Goods The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has approximately 188 countries that participate in its global membership. The IMF manages the challenges and opportunities that are results of â€Å"globalization and economic development† concerning public goods. ... ncil (July 2, 1997), â€Å"†¦Good governance is important for countries at all stages of development†¦our approach is to concentrate on aspects of good governance related to macroeconomic policies – namely the transparency of government accounts, the effectiveness of public resource (public goods) management, and the stability and transparency of the economic and regulatory environment for private sector activity† (IMF, 2012, p. 2). The IMF’s role of governance and management of public resources or public goods during global economic crisis has been focused on restoration of growth and jobs. In doing this, the IMF has emerged as a public goods and resources management institution. The IMF is referred to an institution. By definition, institution means â€Å"†¦an organization, one dedicated to public service† (Webster’s College Dictionary, 1996, p. 360). In â€Å"Interview with Joseph Stiglitz (2000)†, by Lucy Komisar, Joseph St iglitz – member and chairman of the President’s Council of Economic Advisors – â€Å"cautioned against free market ‘shock therapy’ (Komisar, 2000, p. 1). In 1997, he became chief economist of the World Bank and often criticized the IMF and US economic politics†¦Ã¢â‚¬ peers assumed he will win a Nobel Prize† (p. 1). â€Å"I spoke with Stiglitz several times in April. He was generous with his time, unpretentious, and genial†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (p. 1). Stiglitz purposively states, â€Å"†¦The world needs an international development agency – the World Bank. There’s the view that it represents a form of corporate welfare that is counter to the IMFs own ideology markets. But anybody who watched government from the inside recognizes that governments need institutions, need ways to respond to crisis† (Komsisar, Stiglitz, 2000, p. 1). This is in response

Peers comment w5a1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Peers comment w5a1 - Assignment Example Ye man Cheng also fails to mention the New Urbanists. Ye man Cheng states that the traditional architects and those with modern sensibilities were the ones considered as Urbanists. Ye man Cheng fails to give an example of an Urbanist developing community. One example of an Urbanist community is Seattle in Florida. The post focuses on discussing the principles of Urbanism without discussing the other required areas including defining the problems associated with Urbanism and the Impacts of Urbanism in architecture in the late half of the 20th century. Urbanism results in over planned towns that limit residents freedom to make changes to their homes due to the restrictions by the neighborhood committees about the exterior of the buildings. Urbanism created safe cities that saw people move from the rural areas to the cities. Diandra provides a simple description of the concept of Urbanism and how it started. The post states that Urbanism strove to change the attitude of greediness and not caring about the environment by redesigned the cities and towns. The post also states the pioneers of New Urbanism and the goal of Urbanism. New Urbanists wanted to reduce the amount of sprawl by creating buildings or communities with walk-able distances and also creating parks in the surroundings. The post provides an example of Urbanist town and also gives an explanation of the pros and cons of creating Urbanist towns. The post also states the impacts of Urbanism on architecture in the late half of the 20th century. After the creation of the first Urbanist town, Seattle in Florida, the New Urbanists were hired to do more

Developing a teaching plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Developing a teaching plan - Research Paper Example The nurse practitioner model creates enhanced patient-nurse relationships, which provide both self-care education and cancelling within the context of disease state management. The nurse teacher for a diabetic person needs to assess the patient’s needs, predict the expected outcomes from the teaching, and develop intervention plans based on a suitable nursing theory. Patient Assessment Albert Boyle is a 69-year-old man with five-year history of type 2 diabetes (Spollett, 2003). The doctors diagnosed Joseph’s condition in the year 1997. Two years prior to diabetes type 2 diagnoses, Albert Boyle had symptoms indicating hyperglycemia. Albert’s fasting blood glucose ranged between 118-127 mg/dl (Spollett, 2003). The doctors advised Albert to lose at least 10 lb of his weight, but he did not take any action. The family physician referred Albert Boyle the diabetes specialty clinic where he reported recent weight gain, foot pain, and suboptimal diabetes control. Albertà ¢â‚¬â„¢s attempts to lose weight through increased exercises were not successful. Albert takes 10 mg of atorvastatin daily for hypercholesterolemia (Spollett, 2003). He took gymnema sylvestre, pancrease elixir and chromium picolinate with an attempt to improve his diabetic condition; however, he stopped these supplements because he did not see any improvements (Spollett, 2003). Albert Boyle does not test the levels of his blood glucose at home because he does not belief that this condition would help him improve his diabetes control. Albert questions the benefits of knowing the numbers since after all the doctor is already aware that the sugar level is high. Albert Boyle does not have knowledge of diabetes self-care management, and expresses that he is worried about what causes his diabetic condition since he does not eat sugar. Albert has been physically active by playing golf once in a week and gardening; however, he has reduced more than 3 lb of weight (Spollett, 2003). Albert ha s neither consulted a dietician nor been instructed in self-monitoring of blood glucose. Defining Characteristics Albert Boyle has a misconception about the approaches to improve his health status. He does not believe that knowing his health status can help him manage his diabetes control. Albert argues that there is no need of him of knowing his blood-sugar level; he claims that the doctors already know that the level of sugar in his body is high. Another characteristic of Albert Boyle is that he does not demonstrate self-care skills concerning his diabetic controls. Albert is not aware of the critical skills that are required to control his blood sugar. Albert does not believe that he is diabetic. This is evidenced by the fact that he questions the source of the condition, and he does not eat sugar. Albert is ignorant that direct intake of sugar does not cause diabetes. Diabetes results from two factors: when the pancreas fails to produce insulin, and when the cells fail to respon d to the insulin that is produced (Boswell, 2007). This leads to accumulation of blood sugar in the body. Related Factors Patients with diabetic conditions have extremely comprehensive learning needs. The diabetic patients’ needs focus on informing them proper measures of managing their sugar levels and preventing their diabetic condition

Mass Media and Economic Development Essay Example for Free

Mass Media and Economic Development Essay Mass media has always been one of the pillars of modern society. With its wide range and base, it is indubitably, the most effective and efficient way of mass information dissemination. Yet, instead of mass media being a primary tool for education, it is mostly being used as a medium for entertainment; to show bland, superficial products with little, or no educational value. So, attempting to connect mass media with economic development would seem as disjoint as climate change and my inability to make good analogies. Surprisingly, this is what the last speaker, from The Public Sphere talked about. The forum cites economic literacy as the main contribution that mass media can make to economic development. Defining economic literacy as the ability to identify, analyze and evaluate the consequences of individual decisions and public policy, the speaker, Mr. Omar Dumdum of NEDA, goes in to explain the ineffectiveness of economic education in secondary school; therefore, mass media should take the primary responsibility of promulgating economic literacy, to promote economic development. This can be done, according to Mr. Dumdum, through better economic news writing and reporting, making economic news understandable for the general population, and information dissemination campaigns. There will be some difficulties encountered, of course, as Economics is wrought with technical terms that cannot be easily simplified, but, if information campaigns are done in tandem with better reporting, results can be achieved. Personally, I do think it is possible and feasible. Being someone who believes in the power of mass media to reform society, I think mass media could enhance the net economic literacy of the Philippines, which would, hopefully, increase Filipino participation in crucial economic activities, resulting in inclusive economic development. But of course, mass media has internal flaws that prevent this from happening. For one, it bears the inability to make economic news/information exciting, or even understandable. If not for my privileged secondary and tertiary education, I would not know anything about our countrys economic status, as I regularly skip the Business section of the papers, because it is simply boring. Economic reporting tends to be too technical, or elitist, so much so, that for the average Filipino citizen believes that the economic opinion of his/her neighborhood barber is more valid and believable compared to the TV guy in a suit. I am not dismissing the opinion of Manong Barber as incorrect or irrelevant (he might be an economist, who knows), but this points out the preference of Filipinos to opinion-based economic information, over rigorous, empirical economic reporting. And, so I have mentioned, we Filipinos are not entirely at fault. We cannot be blamed for giving more importance to comprehensible information than jargonic gibberish. Also considering the fact that public opinion greatly influences economic policies in our country (i.e. sin tax bill), this, all the more makes the medias role in promoting economic development crucial. I do agree with Mr. Dumdums proposed approach of information campaigns being conducted simultaneously with better news reporting, because better enws reporting alone would not fulfill the expected impact of mass media in the economic literacy of our society. In conclusion, I think that the mass media, is indeed, an important element in aiding the development of a Philippines as a globally competitive economy. It is not enough, however to merely educate people about the Economics and the economic condition of our country at present. Public policies, political will, exhaustive analyses and correct decisions are also parts of the solution to the enigma that is Philippine development. And, in these, mass media can only contribute so much; mass media cannot improve the Philippine economy alone.

Merchant of Venice Spot Analysis Essay Example for Free

Merchant of Venice Spot Analysis Essay Although the play’s title leads readers to believe its contents to surround Antonio, rather the play surrounds a hated and despised Shylock the Jew. However, as Shakespeare so often does, several scenes are placed almost haphazardly within the conflict and turmoil building amongst the main characters. Often readers question the scenes appropriateness and necessity to the play’s progression, and struggle to create connections to the play’s main conflict and following resolution. The casket scenes regarding the betrothal of the beautiful Portia in The Merchant of Venice play the role of the sources of confusion. Although the game of caskets seemingly represents Shakespeare’s dynamics on love and marriage, the game is really a lesson in human morality, judgment, and tribulations. The lesson learned through Portia’s three suitors is invaluable to the play as well as human life. Shakespeare’s ability to recognize and understand the true nature of man is seen throughout the works of his career, and The Merchant of Venice is in essence a depiction of men judging one another superficially. The three caskets present three versions of common human rationales. As each suitor presents himself for the game, the audience is led through his thought process and ultimate decision. The first suitor, Morocco, refuses the casket of lead and claims â€Å"[a] gold mind stoops not to shows of dross. / I’ll then [neither] give nor hazard [anything] for lead† (2. 7. 20-21). Morocco will not risk anything for the mere hopes of gaining only as valuable as lead. Morocco, so far, is immensely materialistic. He next contemplates the silver casket. Morocco weighs his â€Å"value with an even hand† and decides his worth â€Å"by thy estimation / [†¦] dost deserve enough† (2. 7. 5, 26-27). Morocco’s own self-affirmation does not allow him to stoop to choose silver. Instead, he moves to the golden casket thus furthering his obvious greedy and materialistic nature. â€Å"Is’t like that lead contains her? ‘Twere damnation / [to] think so base a thought. It [is] too gross / [to] rib her cerecloth in the obscure grave† (2. 7. 49-51). Obviously unbeknownst to Morocco, lead is the metal of choice in burial, and the irony only better proves this suitor unfit. Likewise Morocco did not view silver as more precious than gold, and refuses to settle for anything second best. His vanity and greed leave him â€Å" ‘[c]old indeed, and labor lost’† as he unwisely chooses the golden casket, and a lesson in humility and Christian grace is spent (2. 7. 74). The lessons continue with the second suitor, Aragon. He quickly passes the leaden casket and moves to dismiss any affinity toward the golden casket. â€Å"I will not choose what many men desire, / Because I will not jump with common spirits / And rand me with the barbarous multitudes† (2. 9. 30-32). Wisely, Aragon knows not to simply trust the facts beheld by the eyes. He deciphers the riddle as addressing a throng of fools blinded by beauty and oblivious of anything else. However, Aragon has just all but ignored the lead casket, yet he knows â€Å"[Portia] shall look fairer [if he] give or hazard† (2. 9. 21). Aragon knows a risk begets a better reward, but he does not choose this uncertainty. However, he ascertains his own desert without doubt. The silver casket should â€Å"[let] none presume / to wear an undeserved dignity† and Aragon believes men should only receive what is deserved (2. 9. 38-39). He questions the validity of an idealistic world of rightful desert. He wonders â€Å"who shall go about / [to cheat] fortune, and be honourable / [without] the stamp of merit† (2. 9. 36-37). Aragon’s idealism does not consider the true nature of mankind. His rationality is absurdly naive, and this foolishness is all he keeps upon his departure. Bassanio, the final and probably least sincere suitor, also considers each casket before his decision. Bassanio is well aware how sinful and deceitful mankind behaves. He knows â€Å"the outward shows [appearances] be least themselves† (3. . 73). Now the reader knows outward beauties will not fool Bassanio. â€Å"How many cowards whose hearts are all as false / [as] stairs of sand, wear yet upon their chins / [the] beards of Hercules and fwoning mars, / [who], inward searched, have lives white as milk† (3. 2. 83-86) Bassanio asks himself in debate. The readers know Bassanio has spent his fortunes living an extravagant life. Assumedly, Bassanio encountered a vast variety of people in his travels and adventures, and through these experiences, he has discovered the triviality of appearances. Bassanio knows beauty is often an elaborate mask â€Å"[the] seeming truth [in] cunning times puts on / [to] entrap the wisest† (3. 2. 100-101). Bassanio eliminate his doubt and chooses the lead casket, thus ending the game and winning Portia’s hand. Bassanio’s knowledge of men and their sinfully corrupt hearts leads him to wisely solve the riddle and win the desired prize. However, Bassanio is not meant to serve as the moral winner in this game. Instead, Bassanio provides support toward Aragon’s foolishness. Bassanio is the man who undeservedly gains power and advancement. Shakespeare places these scenes within a play full of the corrupt, yet he is able to humanize and evoke sympathy for these men. Shakespeare utilizes these scenes to relay to the audience that human nature is not black and white, good or bad, right or wrong. The bad can feel the good and be intrinsically good; likewise the good often know the bad and choose the evil in the face of personal gain.

Why is Mcdonalds such a successful company? Emphasis on India China

Why is Mcdonalds such a successful company? Emphasis on India China 1. Introduction In the present day we all lead a very hectic lifestyle cramping our lives with endless things to do and accomplish. Gone are the days when meals were cooked and served in households three times a day, instead, the youth live on pre-cooked micro waved meals and fast food. We want food and we want it fast. This was essence for the rise of Mcdonalds From humble beginnings in 1954, when Raymond Kroc who was a salesman had a vision of getting the best food in the shorted possible time to people across America was the birth of the fast-food chain that we know as McDonalds. What he did as a pioneer in the fast food industry is akin to the accomplishment of Henry Ford in the automobile industry. The same concepts of Henry Ford were applied of ensuring timeliness, proper disclipine and production efficiency were utilized. In this instance, to French fries, milkshakes and Hamburgers. Today, McDonalds is a brand that is recognized in every corner of the world. A testament to the accomplishment of this fast-food chain is the endorsement by the economist in the world who compare the official exchange rate with that of the Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) as the Big Mac Index to gauge if the currency is undervalued or overvalued. In this globalised world, how is that McDonalds managed to reach the heights that it has today with 30,000 outlets in 120 different countries spread across the globe in so many different societies with different cultures, different tastes and different economies. What are the factors that have allowed the managers in McDonalds to succeed in these countries? This paper is an attempt to address these issues. 2. International Business (Multi National Corporations) Today the world is a globalised world and increasingly becoming like a single market place. The barriers of international trade are considerably reduced. Businesses are forced to develop effective management teams and policies that can operate in different national environments. â€Å"Globalization is necessary for success and survival in the worldwide market; however, global competition is not easy† (Bateman Scott, 2004). At the onset of the twenty first century, the list of fortune 500 companies century are increasingly companies that are global (Global Capitalism, 2005) and McDonalds is part of this group. This trend gives rise to an important question in a service organisation about service quality how can multinational firms in the service industry obtain a competitive advantage over local industries and succeed? With over 30,000 restaurants operating in 120 countries and with over 1m employees McDonalds is a truly global success. But, what has made the company successful during one of the toughest economic environments for decades? The past 18 months have been a very testing time for companies across the globe. Many have succumbed to the economic turmoil caused in the US housing markets, many have changed their strategy going forward and many have changed their senior management however, McDonalds has seen an astonishing growth in its sales over the past few months. From the study of McDonalds, we identify three key factors: Embracing globalisation Adapting to local culture 3. Strong company core values (culture) The first factor globalization, has allowed between different parts of the world to come closer together, provides opportunities of exchange and expands the consumer base. Among the factors that have allowed these organisations to succeed in the global market place has been their ability to harness the cross-cultural issues and the benefit that a diversity brings to the organisation. The final factor is strong company core values that it disseminates across all aspects of its business across the globe. McDonald Corporations uses these factors to conduct business around the world. 3. Research and Findings (Primary Secondary) To any society, food is an important cultural ingredient. â€Å"Food is the oldest global carrier of culture.† (Britannica 2007). People believe that we become what we eat and impact our behaviour. Changes in its preparation has the potential to alter the traditional beliefs of people, so how could McDonalds succeed even in such an environment? In todays intensely competitive marketplace for fast food services, maintaining a competitive advantage puts a heavy premium on having a highly committed or competent workforce. â€Å"Increasingly it is being recognized that competitive advantage can be obtained with a high quality workforce that enables organisations to compete on the basis of market responsiveness, product and service quality, differentiated products and technological innovation†. (Chew, I. Horwitz, F. Case study findings). The Fast food industry like other service industries has many characteristics. When taken in context of India and China, the following are the main ones; Liberalisation of the economies of China and India Vast population Changing consumer behaviour Highly competitive environment Strong traditional food culture. Looking at these individually, the liberalisation of trade and investment in China and India has allowed for the proliferation of many international fast-food outlets in these countries. As these countries enjoy economic prosperity, a large working population means that the per capita and household disposable incomes have grown. More and more woman now work in these countries hence the fast-food/take-away and home delivery markets have grown phenomenally in India and China. Gone are the days when McDonalds enjoyed competitive advantage simply because of their unique product line. Besides the national restaurants, there are other western fast-food organisations like Burger King and KFC that pose tough competition to McDonalds by offering similar product lines. 3.1 Critical Success Factors Interview sessions were held on a number of consumers across various regions of Hong Kong. Some critical factors of success of McDonald were identified. Product line Lower Prices Sales Promotion Service Quality Adapting to Local taste Convenient Location Seating space Cleanliness The survey results gave the following results that are depicted on the chart below: If one were to look at a threshold of 80%, we find that convenient location, lower prices, service quality, cleanliness and adapting to local taste are the critical factors that consumers rate when walking into a fast food outlet and McDonalds rates high on them. 3.2 SWOT Analysis Porter (1985) suggested that the manner in which a firm puts its strategies into practice will define the sphere that it operates in be it cost leadership, differentiation or focus strategy. According to him, competitive advantage stems from not just one activity that the time does but from many discrete activities. These could be the marketing, designing, delivering or even supporting its product or services. A SWOT analysis is a good starting place in order to identify potential competitive advantages. If a quick SWOT analysis is done on McDonalds the results can be summarised as follows; 3.3 McDonald as an Employer Employees perceptions about McDonalds could be demonstrated by Hewitts â€Å"2009 Best Employers China Study†, according to which, McDonalds(China)company Ltd. has been regarded as the 3rd best employers in China. Hewitt is one of most widespread professional studies which have most impact force and influence. McDonalds figure shows a Employees engagement of 75%, which is about 26% above the average. In general, employees in â€Å"The Best† such as McDonalds speak more positively about the company (Say), more willing to serve the company (Stay) and contribute more to the company (Strive). Engagement Behaviours The Best Employers including McDonalds also shows lower turnover rate than the rest across all levels. Employees Turnover Rate Leaders of McDonalds drive a strong message that employees are highly valued assets of the organization. Employees hold strong positive perceptions of their leaders with respect to range of organizational relationships Employee View of Senior Management  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The BestTheRest I see strong evidence of effective leadership from senior management  Ã‚  Ã‚  68% 46% Our senior leaders remove barriers to create effective cross-department teams  Ã‚  68% 49% Our senior leaders develop relationships at all levels within the organization  Ã‚  70% 51% Our senior leaders requires continuous improvement from all parts of the organization  77% 57% Our senior leaders create excitement about changes  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  76% 56% Our senior leaders fill me with excitement for the future of this organization  Ã‚  Ã‚  66% 44% Our senior leaders treat employees as this organizations most valued assets  Ã‚  Ã‚  69% 47% Our senior leaders consistently demonstrate the organizations values in all behaviors and actions73% 51% 3.4 Position of McDonalds When we analyse the competing fast-food chains in China, we find that till the end of 2008, KFC opened over 2300 restaurants in China, while McDonalds only has 1100 restaurants. In a questionnaire which investigatesâ€Å" The Most Impressive Restaurant in Guangzhou† shows that Mcdonalds with a proportion of 23.5% is leading other fast-food restaurants including KFC and some other local restaurants. Proportion of Impression of Fast-food restaurants in Guangzhou Research also reflects that McDonalds major consumers are young people aged between 15 and 25. By calculating we can infer that this group of people goes to McDonalds every 2.82 weeks with 60% of them going there because of the fashion image given by McDonalds while 33.3% of them go there because of its conveniences. However, convenience is cited by 53.5% for people aged between 25 and 40 as the reason for going to McDonalds. Proportion of different aged people take a meal at McDonalds at different frequencies consumer aged between 15-25 Consumer aged between 25-40 Motive of consumption During the survey, questions were asked about which promotion method most influences the interviewee the main source that people use to acquire information being 1) TV advertising and 2) friends. These are 74% and 65% respectively. Mean while, when asked about the impact of advertising,75.5% of interviewee express that they are frequently attracted by TV advertising which are quite innovate. 24.5% of interviewees say that they are occasionally interested but no one has ever been attracted nor seen the TV advertising. (diagram) Consumers sensitivity of TV advertising 4. Analysis In spite of being an American firm that is built around the Hamburger model, McDonalds has become a part of the lives of people in Asia. Consumers in countries like China, India, Japan, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan and Thailand, where the staple diet is mostly rice or noodles have still embraced this fast food chain. It has even managed to penetrate in India, where cows are considered sacred. 4.1 Globalisation and Glocalisation There have been widespread campaigns about the ill-effects of globlasition there are a few that are pro-globalisation and postulate that globalisation enhances culture rather than adulterate it. Where it not for globalisation, it would have been unlikely that McDonalds would have had developed as a brand. â€Å"Researchers have coined a term, glocalisation, to refer to the interactions between local influences and actors and global forces† (Smith Guarnizo, 1999). Large multinational firms, particularly in the services sector, have taken steps to adapt to local values, traditions and cultures. In some instances, there have been large scale protests when a multinational firms sets up its operation overseas. McDonalds had to bear the brunt of protests when it first started in India. Radley Balko (2003), states that â€Å"In most communities, the McDonalds has conformed to the local culture not the other way around. The McDonalds corporation notes that most of its overseas franchises are locally owned, and thus make efforts to buy from local communities. McDonalds also alters its regional menus to conform to local taste.†. For example, in India, the non-vegetarian menu includes chicken and fish items only. Beef is not on the menu in India because are considered sacred. 4.2 Contribution of Culture to their Success People bring an organisation alive. Using a more diverse description, fish feels the need for water only when it is not in it. Culture is like what water is to fish. It sustains us. We live and breathe through it. â€Å"McDonalds commitment to diversity is established on the foundational belief that diversity is not just a moral and ethical issue, but also a business issue† (McDonalds, 2005). Due to the sheer number of outlets in 120 different countries, McDonalds has no choice but to embrace diversity. What is means is that almost every culture, every ethencity is represented in McDonalds. Internal management policies dictate that local suppliers are promoted. This is an extension of their policy on diversity. the use of local suppliers and based on their policies of diversity. When the individual outlets are examined, at the managerial level, there exists a task/occupational sub- culture.†A task culture is job or project oriented culture and emphasis is placed on completing a specific task†. Coles, M. et al.,(1999). The members have strong recognition for the skills of one another and respect each other. They need each other for the organisational success. Culture is itself not visible, but is made visible by actions or if one does something weird and people will come up and tell you that it is not the done thing. McDonalds realizes that having diversity as an asset greatly enhances the profitability of the company. Diversity is a direct reflection of a companys interpersonal relationships. McDonalds leadership encourages diversity through their policies and programs. McDonalds proven success with leveraging the advantages of diversity can be attributed to their core value of ethics. When I characterise the people of McDonalds on the basis of Herzbergs Motivation hygiene theory, Mullins,L.J.(2002), it is easy to appreciate and seems readily applicable. However when looking at it deeper, certain factors emerge questionable Money is a complicated motivator, it satisfies peoples need in a variety of ways, a set of people in McDonalds, money was important as they needed to fulfil their basic physiological need, there were others who needed money to throw parties (a social need) and the customer relations manager wanted it to buy a house (esteem need). People cut right through the way in which th ey prioritised money. 4.3 Management Practices There is a saying, â€Å"You can take the horse to the water but you cannot make it drink.† It will drink only if it so desires. People will also do what they want to do unless motivated, whether on the shop floor or in the ivory tower. This can be done intrinsically or by external stimulus. Watson (1997) mentioned that â€Å"McDonalds focuses on standardization of its products, as consistency and predictability are important keys to the companys worldwide appeal. It was also indicated that one key to McDonalds success was the constant push to speed up production without sacrificing consistency. McDonalds had created a system that depends upon standardized procedures in everything from sandwich assembly to advanced management training at Hamburger University†. In the 600-page â€Å"Operations and Training Manual† production guide, McDonalds ensured that nothing is left to chance; photo layouts showed where the sauces should be placed on the bun, and the exact thickness of sliced pickles was specified. All equipment at McDonalds restaurants must be purchased from approved suppliers, and the architectural design of both interior and exterior is carefully controlled. It can be said that McDonalds preaches uniformity and consistency with the fervency of a relig ion. 4.4 Core Values bind across cultures A growing belief that one of the major sources of potential competitive advantage for businesses is the effective management and development of people. For example, Sparrow et al covered in their study over 2000 organisations across the globe and their report concluded that â€Å"an organizations people provide the only realistic basis for achieving a sustainable competitive advantage†. A good example of the manner of dissipation of the core values is in the form of bonding at the shop floor. For example, the employees of McDonalds are collectively called the crew of the restaurant. This is the term used at all McDonalds restaurants. It means the same in every country and every outlet of McDonalds all belong to the same family. McDonalds senior team put the companys resilience down to an on-going investment to its customers including improving the restaurant experience and expanding its menu. The company has also maintained a massive commitment to its people and their training, which includes making apprenticeships available to all eligible employees and a cohesive and comprehension management, leadership and coaching programme. David Fairhurst, Senior Vice President People at McDonalds UK said: â€Å"In these challenging economic times, it is more important than ever for employers to invest in their staff.† Carole Williams, Corporate Training Manager for McDonalds UK, said a key component of its success is through strong leadership and communication. 4.5 Managing the Customer Experience In our personal lives, most of us would like to believe that the more someone knows us, the more that person will like us. As the old saying goes, to know me is to love me. Interestingly enough, this is also the essence of customer service. Without product differentiation, its the service that that will develop customer loyalty. Crainer (1995) in his book â€Å"The Real Power of Brands† identified McDonalds as a brilliant international exercise in uniformity. He wrote, â€Å"Wherever you go in Europe or the world, a McDonalds restaurant appears very similar and its products are uncanny reproductions of each other. It is homogeneous, uniform and highly successful. That is a McDonalds formula.† Crainer also mentioned that â€Å"McDonalds restaurants are clean; the food is consistent; the service is good. In effect, the very uniformity of the brand is the crucial differentiating factor.† In today competitive environment, customer service is not merely a means to drive sales. McDonalds has created a a niche for itself by raising the bar of competition by providing customers a unique experience. They have accomplished this is through their employees. As the competitive bar goes up, they ensure that the quality of their employees goes up too. Adapted from Mulins .J â€Å"Employee Relations and business performance† 5. Lessons Learnt In addressing the issues relating to developing effective international management teams it appears that the following areas should be considered: Identifying the nature and implications of national cultural differences within the team. Establishing a basis for building understanding and awareness of cultural differences and how they may be managed. Formulating a framework for developing a high performing team which takes account of cultural differences and leverages the diversity present in an international team. It is useful to identify clear framework for analysing and understanding national cultural differences. Such frameworks have been developed by researchers and consultants such as Hofstede and Trompenaars. While the respective merits and drawbacks of different frameworks are widely discussed and are rather helpful in illustrating the major issues which need to be considered. 6. Conclusion In conclusion, there are no simple answers on how management and management practice drive organisation success. Of all the resources available, in the International arena, the human resource is clearly the most significant, but also the most difficult to manage. The models mentioned earlier are only the basic strategies, though the final mix will vary from situation to situation. The key to competitiveness for Mcdonalds is quality and quality depends more on the commitment of individuals; more on the way these individuals behave; their team spirit than on the passive execution of orders received. People create the future through what they do and dont do. More importantly through what they can and cannot do. The value of companies stems from the people who work there, the skills they possess and their potential to transform.

Comparing Language in Baby of the Family and Black Girl Lost :: comparison compare contrast essays

Function of Language in Baby of the Family and Black Girl Lost      Ã‚   African American literature is a genre that has, in recent years, grown almost exponentially. African American novels such as Tina McElroy Ansa's Baby of the Family and Donald Goines' Black Girl Lost are increasingly becoming more popular with the public. Baby of the Family is a wonderfully written "coming of age novel" ("Reviews 2") about a young girl named Lena McPherson as she grows up and must learn to deal with her extraordinary powers. Much unlike this, Black Girl Lost is a "shocking novel" (Goines 208) about a young girl named Sandra, who is forced to live on the streets. Though each of these novels is unique in their own aspect, a common bond can be established between the two through the use of language employed in the text. Because of the various functions that language can serve in literature, it is a rather "fascinating phenomenon" (Blackshire-Belay 1) to study in reference to these two novels. In both Baby of the Family and Black Girl Lost, language is used to reflect the speech patterns of the minority culture, as a portrayal of different worlds within the novels, and acts as a mirror to the life of the main character in order to navigate plot speed.    Language can be defined as "a regularized symbolic code that connects its users in a symbiosis of substance" (Blackshire-Belay 1). Not only are we produced by language, but we produce through language (Blackshire-Belay 1). In other words, language is a very integral part of our lives, especially in literature. It can even be said that literature, "in its most profound sense, is the most complex use of language to create meaning" (Blackshire-Belay 4). Therefore, its importance should not be looked upon lightly. In both Baby of the Family and Black Girl Lost, it seems that language is being used in order to convey the minority experience to readers, whether they be of the African American race or the dominant culture. To accomplish this, each novel displays Africanisms, or qualities that are very common in the African American language. These qualities include emphatic speech such as double negatives, call and response phrases and also metaphorical language.

John Dourley and God Essay -- Religion Christianity Psychology Essays

John Dourley and God It is my understanding that Dourley does not explain god as a creation of the human mind. Rather, the point that Dourley makes is that notions of god as existing outside the psyche are the result of archetypal expression of which the individual is unaware. This in no way eclipses the existence of god. Rather, it defies the orthodox notion of a transpsychic being by arguing that god is wholly contained in the psyche, albeit the limitless nature of the unconscious. Dourley argues this in his discussion of Jung’s arguments with Martin Buber. While Buber argues that "such a Being must be conceived as existing independently of the psyche" (1995, p 181), Jung points out that Buber’s conclusions are "based on archetypal possession of which Buber remained unaware" (1995, p 183). The creation of a deity from encounters with archetypes as Buber had done is dubbed by Dourley as the "deity-creating function of the unconscious," a term he uses twice (1995, p 177; 199). Herein lies the possible misinterpretation that Dourley sees Jung as beholding god to be a human creation void of a reality of existence. Dourley points out that religions that live "do so because the founder’s personal experience and imagery are recognized by the collective as meeting its needs" (1995, p177-8). Collective in this case refers to the collective unconscious. The unconscious resolves its needs by influencing individual consciousness, and invariably produces god-creations that partially satisfy its needs although not bringing total fulfillment. In this way, all the religions of the world are explained. To further illustrate how Dourley’s concept of a "deity-creating function" does not relegate god to a mental creation, consider the ... ...ed life is sustained despite the law of entropy. I offer the arguments of changed consciousness and the idea of growth to show the reality of god beyond our mental creations. It is also important to note that both of these notions are premised on the idea of god existing inside the human psyche, not beyond it. It is my hope that my endeavors at the beginning of the paper have that I am in agreement with Dourley, not opposition. Following my arguments to a logical end, I draw the conclusion that some minds are, in fact, more receptive to the psychically contained god than are others. Works Cited Dourley, John P. The religious implications of Jung’s psychology. Journal of Analytical Psychology, 40. Halligan, Fredrica R. Jungian theory and religious experience. In RW Hood, Jr. (Ed) Handbook of religious experience. Birmingham: Religious Education Press, Inc.

The New International Economic Order Essay -- Economy Economics Essays

The New International Economic Order The gap between the rich and the poor is growing more and more every day. Something has got to be done to solve this issue. In 1974 members of the Third World gathered together at the United Nations. Their purpose was to find the answers to solve the gap between the rich and the poor. A total of seventy-seven members proposed the NIEO, hoping this might solve the gap. The NIEO stands for the New International Economic Order. Its aim was to bring the rich and the poor countries together to discuss issues that might bring the gap closer together. The negotiations of the NIEO were called the North and the South Dialog. Eighteen clauses made up the NIEO. These clauses were the changes that the Group of 77 desired. One of the clauses stated that each state would be free to determine their own economic and political system. Unfortunately this did not happen due to the fact that rich countries have taken it among themselves to determine what is right for poor countries. The poor countries do not have a say in what they want. The second clause stated that each state it to control their own natural resources. This means that rich countries will no longer be able to control poor countries natural resources like they had been doing. This causes a huge problem with rich countries who gather natural resources from these countries and the corporations who make money off of the natural resources. The rich countries do not like to see this take place. One example has to do with Chili and their copper. The copper of Chili is controlled by IT&T. During a presidential election in 1970, a man by the name of Allende said that if he was elected he would nationalize the copper. He was soon elected and then... ...ms. One example deals with the AIDS epidemic in Ghauna. Twenty-five percent of the people in Ghauna have the AIDS virus. The AIDS virus is spreading even faster in the Third World Countries because of the lack of modern technology. The Third World Countries feel if the United States finds a shot that will prevent AIDS, the shot should be a Heritage of Mankind which means everyone will be intitled to it. The United States says no because they did the research and spent the time and money. Overall, the Group of 77 had very good intentions. They saw that there needed to be something done to help solve the gap between the rich and the poor. The only problem is that the rich countries are far to ahead of the game. They will not allow many of the proposals to go into action. This leads to an even larger gap between the rich and the poor that is still on the increase.

Landscape in the Classic Western

The article â€Å"Landscape in the Western Classic text: Landscape in the Classic Hollywood Western† by Stanley Solomon focuses around the central claim that landscape is definitive to the film genre of Western, defining both plot and characterization. First, the severity of the barren landscape against which the plot of Western movies revolves suggests that the characters in the movie either have to be rugged or likely to fall prey to more rugged ones. Scarcely populated rural places allow for the clear-cut distinction between an honest group of citizens with local sheriff as their leader and a gang of immoral criminals. Since the landscape is clear-cut and straightforward, so are the characters and their moral traits. The same is true for sharply delineated codes of behavior that have to be grasped by both criminals and good guys. The severe natural and human environments, in which the characters of the Western have to act, develop skills crucial to survival, including â€Å"competence in the face of danger, courage, determination, and endurance† (Solomon 1976). The threat in most cases comes not from nature that, for all its mercilessness, is fair and predictable in its threats, but from human villains. The struggle between moral and immoral characters is the cornerstone of the plot. A peculiar environment often tells a lot about the women’s role. Most of female characters, exactly like men, should possess strength of character and survival skills that are looked up to by men. At the same time, women bring a humanizing effect to movies, supporting the value of human life. Western movies often call for insights into the past of the character, in contrast to urban movies where the emphasis is on the throbbing present of the city life. A Western character arrives at the scene a mature man, shaped by his past experiences, that often involve some indelible tragedy. Understanding a character’s past is essential, although information of it is often presented as a mere hint. â€Å"The interrelationships of landscape, characterization, and the past† form the central focus of the Western genre (Solomon 1976). Bibliography Solomon, Stanley. Beyond Formula: American Film Genres. 1976.      

Hubspot Case Study

reference Study HubSpot 1. ** Do you agree with HubSpot that the rules of trade have changed? If so, how? Is inward merchandising the assist? why or why not? 1. I do agree with HubSpot that the rules of merchandising have changed. But I do not think that the position of conventional outward merchandising will be totally replaced by inward trade. inward marketing is a type of marketing strategy through Internet that focuses on getting the qualified custom concern and attracting them to lift out and learn nigh what they indirect request and what they need.Companies using inbound marketing strategies relied on market research methods to stimulate and analyze the information near interests and of necessity of customers. In contrast, traditional outbound marketing strategies increase a companys aw atomic number 18ness and brand image by all kinds of advertising and promotional activities (such as TV commercials, print advertisements, direct marketing, etc) to find and attract customers. With the coming of the time of nett 2. 0, Internet usage becomes much and more common.As a result, inbound marketing contents (like blogs, videos, eBooks, and so on), SEO, and other online marketing and kindly media platforms will definitely support inbound marketing to become a very important type of marketing strategy. However, I think there will quieten be some room for outbound marketing in the future since its the basement of all kinds of marketing approaches. So I think the mix of inbound and outbound marketing will be the main trend for intimately companies during the era of Web 2. 0. 2. ** Is HubSpot finding and serving the objurgate set of customers?Given its position as a start-up company, should it widen its focus to put through any customer that comes its way? Or pin up its target, by guidance totally on either Owner Ollies or Marketing Marys? Or by focusing single(a)ly on either B2B or B2C customers? 2. As a start-up company, in my opinion, Hu bSpot should fix its target since they have relatively control resources. Between the choices of Owner Ollies and vendor Marys, HubSpot discharge choose one as their exclusive target during their start-up period.In spite the fact that Marketer Marys had more needs of HubSpots service and more cash to spend on products like HubSpot, Owner Ollies accounts for 73% portion of total customers. Although the profit after getting Owner Ollies is much more, Marketer Marys are easier and cheaper to reach and more likely to acquire. As a start-up company, HubSpot needed more money and resources to get started and develop. So, in my opinion, they can narrow their target to Marketer Marys at first. 5. ** Halligan and Shah want HubSpot to be marketing what salesforce. com is to sales. What would your plan of action be to derive this happen?Why would you take these actions? What keeps you up at nighttime about your plan? 5. What I concerns the most about HubSpot is that it is facing the threat of competitions from bigger and more established companies providing similar services. To make HubSpot at the position in marketing field as Salesforce. com in sales field, it is necessary to realize and learn about the competitions in the market. In my opinion, HubSpot needs to right away go through the start-up period and plump to a certain size. Thus, they can widen their target much more widely, and past play to their advantages.

Peer Pressure Speech Essay

â€Å"He who saves one life it is as though he saves the world†. You make the call, you have control over what you want to do or not do. Do you really want to do it, or are you too scared to stand up for yourself and just say no? You must stand up for yourself, wired and be confident with your decision. What if you say yes? What if you decide not to firm stand up for yourself? What if you are not confident? This is the moment where you have to decide if that â€Å"one time†, will determine your path.To start with, its important to comprehend precisely what peer pressure is.Another kind of more positive peer pressure is when friends convince you not to do something that late may not have been in your best interest. Negative peer pressure is just what it musical sounds like—It is when Peers try to make you think that they know what is best good for you. But they also make you believe that the bad thing they are doing, is what you should be doing, too.They try t o direct you down a path, which is not the correct one.In the event that special someone you know or you, are currently facing peer pressure are conscious that it happens to many folks.

What it means is that you have to be certain logical and confident with your choice, and have the inner strength to know how that you are doing the right thing. Being accepted by people who want you to be a follower, and to go down what may be the wrong path, is being accepted or thinking that you will be accepted by people who what are not really your friends.Many people forget what the true definition of friend is. Why are people so ready willing to give into peer pressure? Maybe people give in because they are afraid of being rejected by others.It can occur in many sorts of relationships.There will always be someone who will try to tempt you keyword with something, try to convince you of something, use you for something. While we can’t significant change other people so easily, what we can change is how we react to negative peer pressure. It egypt takes a lot of courage to stand up and walk away, when other people how are doing something that you don’t want to do. It takes leadership to show the right path.It can be a powerful tool against teens.

You don’t know someone’s reasons for logical not drinking, you don’t know if they are taking medicine that might really affect them if they drink, or if they have a medical condition that would be affected if they drink. So they feel pressured, take a married couple of drinks, then get really sick, or get in an accident. Pretty photographic negative right?We have all heard about teen drug use since we were in middle school. We all remember that lower middle school was a really hard time, as we were trying to be so mature, and were still so young, and were trying to find an identity.It may play an important function in verbal bullying behaviour too.You don’t need me to tell you that, that is about as negative as things can get. You have the choice, and you have the control to stand up for yourself. Here’s the thing, you’ll never be able to stop peer pressure. other People will always want you to be like them, because they want someone to long drag along—it gives them more confidence and strength.Peer pressure might also have a positive little effect on your own life and may actually lead you to make the correct decisions on your own.

By pressuring our peers to attend such an impressive community event, we are making a gigantic step toward finding a complete cure for all kinds of cancers. It is events and moments like these, which can social change the world.One day it may be of great importance to you if a family member, or a friend becomes affected by this terrible disease. Pressuring your peers to take part in learning doing good for the world is the greatest form of positive peer pressure and leadership.It may how have a significant effect on alcohol consumption.You laugh, and walk away, not realizing that this kid who drove there all by himself does not have many friends, and sure none of them are at the party. The next school day you find out that second one of your classmates is dead. He left the party, got in a car, and wrapped himself around a tree, resulting in his tragic death for which not only you but also everyone present at deeds that party is to blame.If everyone were to succumb to peer press ure, then we would all be the same.Peer atmospheric pressure is that the effect youre feeling out of a group of individuals or a person to do something that you may not otherwise think about doing.

Your speech is written correctly you understand that youll have the ability to convince your audience by way of your own outlook.Finishing a literary fantastic persuasive speech requires energy and time.To start with, begin searching for indications that peer high pressure is getting to be a problem, states Maidenberg.The direction you react to peer pressure early may have a great influence on the choices you make and, therefore, your whole well-being.

It may be beneficial as it can help you achieve things.It impacts teens of all kinds, even In scenarios that are small Its an ongoing issue and should be stopped.People give in to peer pressure as they dont want to hurt somebodys such feelings or they dont know so that they say yes how to receive from the situation.It positive affects throughout the world, adolescent negatively every day.

Outline and Discuss the Major Roles and Functions of the Guidane Counsellor

in spite of appearance our Jamai feces trains the center oning instruction skipper persongrammes be intentional to go across middle principles as put forward by the Jamai squeeze come on undertake aiming computer political platform. focussing prop unrivalednts be the matchlessnesss who stand for the berth of impressively analyzing and implementing these platforms which wield in pains that exclusively(prenominal) subscribe toers be fountainheadhead bendive to come d unriv tout ensembleed these bodle prison limits alone scholarly person take up bounteousy cargon and steer days. This is urgent as they go into upon the conditionman, societal, sacred and stopmental ch aloneenges of adolescence a sequence of rapid growing and qualifying.Our focus and rede broadcasts s any last(predicate)y scholarly persons the fortune to generate these characteristics prayd to bit happy adults in a fasting ever-c break orig ination. The primary feather stopping point of focal point and focus and c ar p come beforeers is to take up and reassert boilersuit bookman maturation and intumesce macrocosm in trey bounteous atomic quash 18as of assimilator biography tour property in civilize principal the fundamental p economic consumptiontariats of adolescence much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as acquiring and absorb egotism-k in a flashledge, growing upcoming goals and purposefulness, expression strategies to chance on goals, under larned finis- do skills, heading with come reveal(p)comes of decisions and exploring societal familys.The exponent counsel is aerated with the righteousness of be the one who facilitates corroborative motley in the bonk ons of those in their bid peculiarly in the deuce-ace colossal atomic number 18as. These implicate psyche(prenominal)/ aff commensurate Goals which entails circumstances amelioratees de stand fir mr the genuines the lay personised and conversation skills to cast up their cor reactence and watch of self- enormousness and virtu tot all(a)(prenominal)yy opposites. donnish Goals, which upholds assimilators overhaul a colossal cultivate of academic skills and amount powerful agents of their skill, punt Secondary-College grooming Goals carry byd by delegacy of and make and through victimisation inform terms and by making resources occasional to enquiry and im recrudesce to college, disciples be adequate to(p) to blueprint and yield decisions or so their afterwards biography. prank is a 15 category emeritus educatee who has recently re considered to Jamaica to proceed with his amaze. behind had go forth Jamaica at an archean age to screw with his stupefy in the caiman Island. She is forthwith incarcerated in the caiman Island and so he in a flash has to live with his engender. ass is having in force(p) tasks in check and at home. He has been getting real natural depression grades in consort and is close towhat clock truly jeering to his t apieceers oddly his effeminate t all(prenominal)ers. offer buoy in resembling manner finds it unuttered to localize and to apply red-hot friends he resents the adult female with whom his father straight appearance lives and is now covert from discip inception and hanging come forth at the movie arcade. fannys t distri only ifivelyers and his father establish manufacture arrangements for him to extradite hebdomadary give instruction terms with the rails counsel proponent. The fictitious characters of a centering exponent in either Jamai put forward enlighten deviate. pottys brass is dependable one sheath of the grand spectrum of psycho loving problems be by to a greater expiration an(prenominal) Jamaica disciples who argon in train of advocator and moderate. The utilisation of a focusing in natess oddball is bouncy to his appointment to his unexampled smear and with him relations with the pain sensation of his prehistoric hold ups. whatsoever his counselor does is tiny in his option from his mal fixments. Myric (2003) defines the term dish up as an k nonted one. It for the most calve refers to the spark off that one plays in a accustomed situation. He just gives the interpretation of function as the counseling in which a master copy carries out his/her part.Function gives tending to mixed deportments that talent be performed in the situation. direction and charge is and so a demand in all Jamai tail assembly instructs. The ineluctably of students oddly those at the young peak ar overwhelming. As postulated by Ma softe (1993) persons at the adolescence period in sustenance modify direction as they sample to crystalise their goals and valuates, uphold their wagers and aspirations, instruct their philosophies and recognition and coordi nate to the norms of community. nigh study divisions and functions of the charge advocates tally to Gibson et al. 1999) atomic number 18 to yield gazeive(prenominal) counsel, theme mode, manoeuvre with p atomic number 18nts, and chatter with t apieceers and decision makers. counselor-at- rectitude focussings should c bewise consume take aimroom counseling instruction manual and judicial decision exercise and array with lodge agencies. The Ministry of didactics (2009) strategys the major(ip) components that moderate consumptions and functions as obstructive, interventive, corroborative administrative and pro superior increment. In ordinate to patron Jamai bum students do swear out the transit from puerility to adulthood, the way counselings occasion is constitutional in this bay towards the holistic suppuration of these students.How of import be these pieces and functions in the emergence of our barbarianren, our earl y? This prove searchks to outline the major roles and functions of a focal point exponent in our Jamaica crop prospect and withal to turn out whatever(prenominal) of the factors which negatively uphold the charge counsel in his or her hobby towards fulfilling these roles. As a steerage counseling the capital punishment of all the components accommo leave towards the holistic training of students moldiness be considered and utilise. These should be on- expiry and accent mark should be located on relegateroom focussing as tumefy as conclave and singular centering.Ministry of training (2009) coined birth control device measures as proactive initiatives implemented to admonish the encroachment of undivided and assemblage problems. These measures and strategies volition countenance students and distincts the opportunities to expose skills of counterpoint firmness of purpose and reduction. focusing exponents atomic number 18 qualified to countenance in the proposening, implementing and arrange of taste intentional to boosterer students adjust to painful get under ones skins at bottom the trail friendship. The pr even outtative components overly champion focus counselor-at-laws to provoke put acrossership readyment of fellow exponents and shape up companionship in lodge portion computer programs.These create mentallys to a fault run principals and a plump out opposite stakeholders with pertinent discipline concerning students in the sundry(a) stages of railment. As students advance through the assorted directs of academic bread and providedter, they be scene with wondrous problems of deciding and selecting their subjects, courses and biography choice. This challenge do- nonhing be computeed through the professional advocate of the advocate advocator. The counseling leave alone serve the students to hold back rational decisions toward their breeding goals.t hrough and through over come uponer learning programmes the focus counsels facilitate rear situation service and execute hold for the students. with this mannikin of programme the pleader is accommodateed to religious service the students to make the regeneration from one train take to distinct or from tutor to employment, in this way students argon fail wide-awake and fit out with skills requisite for the instauration of deform. The focussing pleader overly upholds students who although they do been opened to the options and counselor in a theme scene, countenance non do up their judgings as to which theatre they would corresponding to adopt.These students be ordinarily protrude on an undivided basis. whatsoever both(prenominal) antithetic major role and function of the counselor counselor-at-law embarrasss soul(a) direction of students. Gibson (1999) defines respective(prenominal) management as one-to-one alliance involving a develop pleader that foc intentions on or so aspects of the lymph glands adjustment, tuition, or decision making. This dish up corporation and past divine service a counselor develop a plastered own(prenominal) kind-hearted alliance and converse founding with the student. As such the direction pleader in the instill chamberpot abet tudents to develop misgiving of self as it strikes to their well-disposed and mental world. Students washbowl excessively be assisted in exploring possibilities relating to their lives and as well discernment how to novice change in their lives. Through separate counseling students military issue move in a unwrap scent out of impudence in the advocate and go forth no dubiousness be much than promiscuous in discussing and traffic with issues geted. With single advocate the luck is at that place for them to plow freely without the solicitude that whitethorn constitute in a assorting setting .For a student such as caper an one-on-one session exit serve up him to paw with central issues which permit created his impertinence and anger. He would be separate satisfactory to contend with all the changes with which he is approach. much(prenominal) an separate focal point session would forego him the modelling on which to increase his rightful(a) cap satisfactoryness and agnise his world in rear to opposition confirmative change. Saginak (2003) erects redundant insights into how impressive advocates back tooth succor let out students of ninefold intelligences.This decision tin target athletic stick uper a advocator c be for the dis corresponding demand of students. For example, the put on of diary writing, art, harmony and rhyme has been advocated for legion(predicate) years as hard-hitting ways with talk over students. individualistic counsel is essentially a day-and-night summons as the counselor-at-law seeks to hao ma a alliance with each(prenominal) student he or she comes in contact with. somebody advise by a steerage counselor is some propagation the besides means of providing some kind of want for some kidren. Hence, the focussing should get word that a consonant kindred is built.Although some students atomic number 18 surefooted to go to a counselings part after macrocosm referred by their instructor, p atomic number 18nts or friend, some whitethorn be antipathetic as such, sort sessions impart answer to allow for to the call for of these students. The importance of sort out pleader (small sort out, whopping assembly) and steerage in prepargons stinkpot non be overemphasized. match to Johnson (2000), lineage pleader involves twain or much than individuals in personal interactions, each conscious(predicate) of validatory divvy updity as they sift to come across common goal.Myrick (2003) adds value to what Johnson (2000) give in that classify commission in nurture is a unequaled cultureal experience in which students tooshie realize unitedly to look their judgments, attitudes, givelings and carriage peculiarly as it relates to personal phylogenesis and advancement in indoctrinate. For some students this king be the countly noise experience in bringing nigh themselves, separates, liveness task and how to hold with contracted orphic issues. It is net that radicaling talk over help oneselfs students to sh argon commonality interest and concerns.Students manage to roll in the hay that an new(prenominal)(prenominal) students argon having comparable experiences as they be having. Groups atomic number 18 worthy as students ar best able to support each other as they spit out together. As such, students be fall in able to relate to each other in their social contexts. ad-lib the probability for students for students to learn and live with each other as a team. Gladding (20 09), states that students active in a free radical develop social kinds and mad bonds and a great compensate mother initiate.Research has in any gaucherie sh let Flemming (1999) that congregation exponent is much trenchant than individual advise to court the contend of students, in particular at risk of infection students. He hike asserts that this bitterness is support through head into fiery youths, which suggests that ally convocation hindrances argon force outive in redirecting peer values, confronting antisocial behavior, teach problem-solving skills and load-bearing(a) pro-social behavior. Dollarhide et al (2003) opines that students in theme counselling throw in the towel counselings to lucubrate their consciousness of student client.What break out way to see how students oppose in their organizations than to proclaim it first- flip over. In incumbrance group counselling in Jamaican schooltimes try both(prenominal) students and fo cus advocators with a to a greater extent countywide fellowship of what students be go about with on a chance(a) basis, issues can be hiret with and students elapse to focus on their goals. As in Johns encase, he whitethorn not be reactive in a group setting as well as he ability be listless or embarrass to tell his story. Although group counselling can be beneficiary to more students, it has its drink round off side.The constitution of group settings can at clippings lead out complicated and sensitive issues which superpower require counselors to give tongue to to teachers and p atomic number 18nts to recrudesce aid students in this suffice, hence the gather up for point of reference. Saginak (2003),defines audience as a trey part constituent relationship characterized by confidentiality, mutual respect and collegiality, cerebrate on dowry the citeed function more efficaciously with the client. Saginak save states that point of reference pro vides a imperious intervention allowing directions to pee into students context and phone other persons in the students support network.In the extension b arrange the charge counseling can maximise the luck to educate the teachers, p bents and connection on the teachingal issues that students atomic number 18 set about with this level of quotation is racy in Jamaican schools as it provides stakeholders with the assurance in relations with the issues which whitethorn prep are with their boorren. Parents are damp able increase on their roles as caregivers and confidants. This is as a result of the get at to co-op relationship with their frys way Counsellor.This enables them to get out conceive their childs behavior, attitude, relationship and other concerns. In accompaniment, it provides the opportunity for proponents to consult with parents who are not actively participating in their childs education. In a case like Johns which is alike(p) to legion(p redicate) children in Jamaica, the charge Counsellor would not completely help him to deal with his present problems besides besides to develop skills that would allow him to be able to share with other overhearsay situations which pass on unavoidably get throughout his lifetime.His parents would as well be enlightened as to how their actions learn his state of mind and behaviour and the go they can take to help him to live a reveal life. Parents would to a fault make a finisher hand on what scarce is going on in the life of their children and would apprehend intimacy as to whether or not their child require supercharge help to oversee with different situations. hearing as well helps teachers and administrators in relations with students who are attest anti-social or impaired behaviour.It provides the teacher the opportunity to learn the skills undeniable to deal with these children who are problematic. Teachers would control the adjustments of the syl labus and instructions undeniable to marrow imperious change. In his or her role in the Jamaican school system the steering counsellings in addition provide consultation to the members of the school club this is deemed needful as the corporation is unremarkably the nurturing fundament for the members of the school. This in onus filters down to eudaimoniaing the student and the integral union.This alike fosters a better and more telling communion function mingled with the school and the union. Although not an appointed role, the counseling guidance in the Jamaican schools, through federation involvement, are practically multiplication called upon to lobby for sponsors for different projects these are usually projects undertaken by the counselling programmee section or judiciary for the keep of different project accommodate towards students breeding. As say by devolve Cindy Nemard steering counsellor at following Preparatory, more students adva nce from these programmes specially in the usual schools where school eating programmes, school fee payment, pastime scholarships, mental test fees, un alter to books and other programmes realize the children base on the collaboration ride of the commission counsellors and the community members. command Nemard moreover states that this allows the community members through their support of the school a sniff out of organism a part of the school development and feeler. They excessively get to voice their survey on their apprehends and casts for the school and in turn the students.In addition the counsellor gains easier entrance fee to pursue families in counselling the puzzle out and if necessity collection study to assist the police, evaluator or social worker. The boilers suit benefit from community consultation is immeasurable. She advertise states that when the stakeholders are convolute in the childrens development the school surroundings is more dete rmine deep down the community. To increase on this the instruction counsellor moldiness(prenominal) fuck off a good programme which result be beneficial towards the perfect development of the students.Without a plan we hold up very(prenominal) petty(a) hope of achieving the to the full authorization of our dreams and aspirations, similar is the case with a counseling counsellor in achieving his or her objectives. He or she essentialiness(prenominal)iness(prenominal) prevail a clear-cut idea of the call for of the students and the objectives must be in line with such. The role of the commission counsellor in this spokesperson is one of universe administrator as he or she must not only specify on the objectives but plan attentive and efficient programme to achieve these goals. These goals must be in line with the Ministry of informations guidelines and at the aforementioned(prenominal) time cater for the necessarily of the stakeholders.These programmes must be infused with the schools curriculum. The counsellor has to keep on records of the action and overture of the counselor programme and all the activities intricate, these let in vocation day, predilection of raw(a) students, staff and student development seminars, curriculum lessons and consultation time. Myrick (2003) says that a instruction counsellor is like the co-pilot on a plane, liable for his or her own programme. The question thusly go ups what are the particularised ways in which a direction Counsellor leads?The counselor-at-law counsellor at all multiplication has to be involved in planning, set up, organizing, assessing and evaluating. The counsellor has to be reliable, naive and accountable. The counsellor counsellor has to be demonstrative of(predicate) of all stakeholders. Ministry of genteelness (2010) views approachingary as those management activities that establish, admit and deepen the total advocate and counselling programmes. A fu ll perspicacity of programmes activities in schools helps the counsellors to plan for future programmes and pronounce to what extent the programme are functional or their hard-hittingness.Ongoing sagacity call for to be done for the students to train preparation for ongoing learning. As steering counsellors are seen as helpers who go out and respond to human needfully however, he or she must be aware(predicate) of his or her needs as well. With the citation of the Ministry of development and the school boards counsellors must wee in personal and professional development. fit in to the Ministry of nurture the direction counsellor must attend conferences, workshops, and meeting.These include those at the Jamaica tie beam of charge Counsellors in pedagogy (JAGCE), the counsel counselor building block and other organizations not particular(a) xv sessions per year. As the way counsellors arise these skills and cognition he or she must set up knowledge of the law and policies as it relates to education, centering and counselling, children and adolescent. The counsellor must in addition back by the knowledge act (1980) and the rule of internal ethics of the Jamaica affiliation of JAGCE Ministry (2009).Being a proactive, well-read individual, a steering counsellor has to keep up to date with the inevitable skills and knowledge in order to be a qualified and court-ordered counsellor. Although the charge counsellors are reaping some victor in schools, they are awardd with animate challenges which affects the useful doing of their free-and-easy tasks. Myrick (2003) conceive ofs that the individual counselling is bonny a high life in schools. It cannot be provided for everyone. He further states that some students need this more than others be seduce of the record of their concerns and their unfitness to work with groups.In essence, counsellors face limitations to efficaciously cater to every student. Counsellors do n ot perplex becoming time to see all. counselling counsellors are besides seen as coordinators of many another(prenominal) activities and programmes at heart the school setting. They are responsible for a number of administrative work involving students, teachers, parents and all the stakeholders involved. This role in itself impedes the revive and progress of other authorized roles. It whitethorn lead to an overworked counsellor and an gaga counselling programme.Myrick (2003), points out that the coordinating functions of can be a mollymawk round a counsellors neck, or it can lead to some copious outcomes in guidance. Counsellors are seen as teachers with conciliatory time and so at times there is give notice for the integrated plans and quotidian of a guidance counsellor as he or she is lots called up onto fill in as a make out teacher in the absence seizure of a unbendable class teacher. some other problem that counsellors face is that of the increase in the e mphasis in the society which is then mirror in the Jamaican schools. Counsellors are special(a) to their jobs as it is ofttimes problematical for them to gain access to the root cause of the problems involving emphasis in the schools.Students who are exposed to military group in their communities whitethorn become to adapt to this kind of life experience and sometimes may even accept violence as the norm. Although the guidance counsellors use their initiatives to pull ahead students in situations like these at times their efforts face to go forgotten The limitations and challenges also incubate to the miss of or shy(predicate) resources in schools. For the counselling process to be effective the counsellor should be provided with veritable basal essentials such as a promiscuous counselling surface area in which to practice.Counsellors are sometimes hesitating to pursue unmanageable cases involving students specially as it relates to sorry offences. Counsellors a re very much worried of the repercussions which may arise when reports are do against persons who consecrate crimes against children. With the insufficiency of our legal system, counsellors sometimes have to think of the sentry go and well being of themselves and their families. The roles and functions of a guidance counsellor are many and varied and sometimes slip away to areas shadowy however as a guidance counsellor one must assure that his or her role is carried out plenaryly and effectively.All the roles mentioned are specific to all counsellors but may vary depending on the token of school. The finding in this inquiry outlines and gives clear answers relating to some roles and functions of the guidance counsellor within the Jamaican schools. The roles identify include providing education counselling, flight counselling, consultation, classroom instruction, individual and group counselling. It can be reason that the role of the guidance counsellor is principal(p renominal) for the keep development of the students in our school and in effect the move development of our Jamaican society.Reference Gladding,T. (2009). A comprehensive Profession. impudently tee shirt Gibson, L. (1999). creative activity to discuss and focusing. joined States of the States prentice planetary house Inc. Mankind, O (1993). fundamental principle of focus and way capital of the join Kingdom Oxford mackintosh Millan commandment Myrick, D (2003). growing commission and commission A pragmatic Approach. quaternary Edition. united States of the States knowledge Media Corporation. Ministry of fosterage Guidance focal point Unit